YAOUNDE: The World Trade Organization’s 14th ministerial conference ended early Monday without agreement on extending the long-running moratorium on customs duties for electronic transmissions, a lapse that sharpened questions about the body’s ability to update trade rules and advance wider institutional reform. WTO officials said the moratorium had expired after ministers ran out of time in Yaounde, Cameroon, and conference chair Luc Magloire Mbarga Atangana said negotiations would continue in Geneva. WTO officials said the next round of talks is expected in May.
The moratorium bars customs duties on cross-border electronic transmissions such as software downloads, e-books, music and movie streaming, and video games. First adopted at the WTO’s 1998 ministerial conference in Geneva, it was designed as a temporary measure during the early growth of digital commerce but has since been renewed repeatedly. The most recent extension was agreed at the WTO’s 13th ministerial meeting in Abu Dhabi in 2024, when members decided to maintain the practice until MC14 or March 31, 2026, whichever came first.
At the Yaounde meeting, the United States pressed for a permanent extension, while Brazil backed a shorter renewal rather than a lasting commitment. WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala said the conference had not been able to bridge the remaining gap before time ran out, leaving members without a collective decision on a policy that has become central to digital trade. The outcome left one of the conference’s most closely watched issues unresolved and exposed the difficulty of reaching consensus on digital trade inside the WTO’s current negotiating framework.
Reform agenda left unfinished
The deadlock on digital duties also overshadowed a parallel push to give new direction to WTO reform, another major objective of MC14. WTO briefing papers circulated before the conference said ministers were considering a draft statement and work plan that would intensify negotiations in Geneva on decision-making, development and special treatment, and level-playing-field issues. The WTO said after the meeting that ministers adopted several decisions and made progress on outstanding issues, but the reform effort stopped short of a fully agreed package in Yaounde.
That incomplete outcome comes against a backdrop of deeper structural strain inside the trade body. At the opening of the conference on March 26, Okonjo-Iweala said the multilateral trading order had fundamentally changed and urged members to focus on future-oriented reform. She also highlighted the WTO’s longstanding institutional weaknesses, including the paralysis of its dispute settlement system and weak subsidy transparency. The organization’s Appellate Body has been unable to function since 2019, and Okonjo-Iweala said only 64 of the WTO’s 166 members had filed subsidy notifications for 2025.
Smaller digital pact moves ahead
Even as the broader moratorium expired, a separate group of WTO members moved ahead with digital trade rules outside full multilateral consensus. On March 28, 66 members representing about 70% of global trade adopted an interim pathway to implement the WTO Agreement on Electronic Commerce among participating economies while continuing efforts to bring it formally into the WTO framework. The agreement sets baseline rules for digital trade and includes a permanent moratorium among its participants, underscoring how some members are turning to narrower arrangements when broader negotiations stall.
The contrast between limited progress on smaller deals and the failure to renew the wider moratorium leaves two unresolved tracks for Geneva-based negotiations. For now, WTO members are no longer collectively bound by the ban on customs duties for electronic transmissions, while the organization’s broader reform debate remains unresolved after another ministerial conference that ended without consensus on two of its most closely watched issues. Talks on both tracks are set to return to Geneva in May, with the WTO still searching for common ground on digital trade and reform. – By Content Syndication Services.